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Sensors measure physical quantities like contact, distance, light, sound, strain, rotation, magnetism, smell, temperature, inclination, pressure, or altitude. Sensors provide the raw information for processing into meaningful information. With meaningful sensory information, robots can then have an understanding of their surrounding environment and make changes in their behaviour based on the information they have gathered.
Well, unlike human, not all robots have sensory systems, and few have the ability to see, hear, smell or taste. The most common robotic sense is the sense of movement -- the robot's ability to monitor its own motion. Acoustic sensor may be used in this case to detect motion or location, and sometime sound. Additionally, a robot might have an infrared sensors to detect heat sources, contact sensors, tactile sensors to give a sense of touch, or optical/vision sensors.
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